What OS and camera manufacturer software tools available can make huge difference to this answer.

My fave photo management/cataloging tools are Win OS specific, a slight hack-ish workaround to use an old Microsoft program, and inherent ability via the OS(up to Win10, that I know of) to add keywords.
Easiest solution to use in so many ways.

But it only works on the proviso that you camera(s) manufacturer supplies a CODEC for your raw file type. Works fine if you only shoot jpg format tho, but not many of us do this.