I have a Nikon DS3100 that came with a twin lens kit, Nikon DX 18-55mm 1:3.5-5.6G and Nikon DX 55-300mm 1:4.5-5.6GED

Can someone please explain these numbers for me, obviously distance and ??? F/Stop??? or something else???

What would be the next lens up?

Would photos taken with my basic camera benefit from going to another lens.

Hope what I am asking makes sense.

The majority of the pictures I shoot are action shots.